Private Japanese company ispace's Hakuto-R Mission 1 failed to land on 25 April 2023. However, at an altitude of 2.1 km from the Moon a few minutes before soft landing, the lander lost contact with the control room. Indian Space Research Organization launched Chandrayaan-2 on 22 July 2019 with landing scheduled on 6 September 2019. SpaceIL lost contact with the spacecraft shortly before landing on 11 April 2019. On 22 February 2019, Israeli private space agency SpaceIL launched their spacecraft Beresheet on a Falcon 9 from Cape Canaveral, Florida with the intention of achieving a soft landing. All crewed and uncrewed soft landings had taken place on the near side of the Moon, until 3 January 2019 when the Chinese Chang'e 4 spacecraft made the first landing on the far side of the Moon. The rover mission Chang'e 3 soft-landed on 14 December 2013, as did its successor, Chang'e 4, on 3 January 2019. The Chinese lunar orbiter Chang'e 1 executed a controlled crash onto the surface of the Moon on 1 March 2009. The MIP was an ejected probe from the Indian Chandrayaan-1 lunar orbiter and performed remote sensing experiments during its descent to the lunar surface. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) performed a controlled crash impact with its Moon Impact Probe (MIP) on 14 November 2008. The European Space Agency performed a controlled crash impact with their orbiter SMART-1 on 3 September 2006. Japan's lunar orbiter Hiten impacted the Moon's surface on 10 April 1993. These have generally been end-of-life lunar orbiters that, because of system degradations, could no longer overcome perturbations from lunar mass concentrations ("mascons") to maintain their orbit. More recently, other nations have crashed spacecraft on the surface of the Moon at speeds of around 8,000 kilometres per hour (5,000 mph), often at precise, planned locations. Surveyor 4 lost all radio contact only moments before its landing. In addition, several uncrewed landing missions achieved the Lunar surface but were unsuccessful, including: Luna 15, Luna 18, and Luna 23 all crashed on landing and the U.S. Following the failure at launch in 1969 of the first Lunokhod, Luna E-8 No.201, the Luna 17 and Luna 21 were successful uncrewed lunar rover missions in 19. This was followed by Luna 20 and Luna 24 in 19, respectively. The Soviet Union achieved the first uncrewed lunar soil sample return with the Luna 16 probe on 24 September 1970.
followed with five uncrewed Surveyor soft landings. In 1966, the USSR accomplished the first soft landings and took the first pictures from the lunar surface during the Luna 9 and Luna 13 missions. spacecraft used braking rockets ( retrorockets) to make soft landings and perform scientific operations on the lunar surface, between 19. Stamp with a drawing of the first soft landed probe Luna 9, next to the first view of the lunar surface photographed by the probeĪfter the unsuccessful attempt by Luna 1 to land on the Moon in 1959, the Soviet Union performed the first hard Moon landing – "hard" meaning the spacecraft intentionally crashes into the Moon – later that same year with the Luna 2 spacecraft, a feat the U.S. All soft landings took place on the near side of the Moon until 3 January 2019, when the Chinese Chang'e 4 spacecraft made the first landing on the far side of the Moon. The United States is the only country to have successfully conducted crewed missions to the Moon, with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972. landings between 19, and numerous uncrewed landings, with no soft landings happening between 22 August 1976 and 14 December 2013. The United States' Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969.
The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959. This includes both crewed and robotic missions. Ī Moon landing or lunar landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched this event, the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time. Still frame from a video transmission, taken moments before Neil Armstrong became the first human to step onto the surface of the Moon, at 02:56 UTC on 21 July 1969.
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